people who are doing activities or work that requires coordination and alertness.
individuals who are driving or planning to drive.people recovering from alcohol use disorder (AUD).women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.Some people should not drink alcohol at all, while others may need to limit their alcohol consumption at certain times. the consumption of five or more drinks within about 2 hours for males.the consumption of four or more drinks within about 2 hours for females.five or more drinks on any day, or 15 or more drinks per week, for males.four or more drinks on any day, or eight or more drinks per week, for females.Researchers think that these may contribute to hangover severity.Īccording to an older 2010 review, beverages containing fewer congeners - such as vodka - may cause fewer hangover symptoms than beverages such as bourbon.Īccording to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, high risk and binge drinking are classified in the following ways: High risk drinking CongenersĬongeners are substances present in alcohol. Ethanol itself also produces a hangover, however. Researchers think that this may explain why “the hair of the dog” helps delay a hangover. The body only metabolizes methanol after it has cleared the ethanol from the system. In the hangover phase, the body can concentrate and metabolize the methanol present in alcohol into toxic compounds. This may cause some hangover symptoms, including nausea, sweating, and headache. AcetaldehydeĪfter absorption, the body metabolizes alcohol into acetaldehyde, which causes toxic effects and tissue damage. This can cause a person to feel tired the next day.Īccording to the NIAAA, consuming alcohol can cause fragmented sleep and cause a person to wake earlier. Disrupted sleepĪlcohol can disrupt a person’s sleep. Scientists suggest that increases in inflammatory immune cells contribute to the nausea, fatigue, and headache associated with hangovers. The following are some of the factors that contribute to a hangover: Immune factorsĪlcohol has a significant effect on the immune system.